
<div class="pagebreak"></div>
<h2 id="index"><a href="#index" name="index">#</a>Index</h2>

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<h3 id="a">A</h3>
<p><strong>abstract base classes, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#abcsequence">19</a></strong><br>
<strong>animation, <a href="#animation">40</a>, <a href="#pygame">42</a>-<a href="#basicmariobrothersexample">43</a></strong><br>
<strong>argparse module, <a href="#argumentparser">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>arguments, <a href="#function">10</a>, <a href="#partial">12</a>, <a href="#commandlinearguments">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>arrays, <a href="#array">29</a>, <a href="#numpy">37</a>-<a href="#indexing">38</a></strong><br>
<strong>asyncio module, <a href="#coroutines">33</a></strong><br>
<strong>audio, <a href="#audio">40</a>-<a href="#synthesizer">41</a>, <a href="#sound">42</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="b">B</h3>
<p><strong>beautifulsoup library, <a href="#scrapespythonsurlandlogofromitswikipediapage">35</a></strong><br>
<strong>binary representation, <a href="#ints">7</a>, <a href="#hexadecimalnumbers">8</a></strong><br>
<strong>bitwise operators, <a href="#bitwiseoperators">8</a>, <a href="#operator">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>bytes, <a href="#open">22</a>-<a href="#modes">23</a>, <a href="#pickle">25</a>, <a href="#bytes">28</a>-<a href="#memoryview">29</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="c">C</h3>
<p><strong>cache, <a href="#cache">13</a></strong><br>
<strong>callable, <a href="#callable">17</a></strong><br>
<strong>class, <a href="#type">4</a>, <a href="#class">14</a>-<a href="#inline-1">20</a></strong><br>
<strong>closure, <a href="#closure">12</a>-<a href="#decorator">13</a></strong><br>
<strong>collection, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#collection">18</a>, <a href="#tableofrequiredandautomaticallyavailablespecialmethods">19</a></strong><br>
<strong>collections module, <a href="#dictionary">2</a>, <a href="#namedtuple">3</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#abcsequence">19</a>, <a href="#deque">29</a></strong><br>
<strong>combinatorics, <a href="#combinatorics">8</a></strong><br>
<strong>command line arguments, <a href="#commandlinearguments">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>comprehensions, <a href="#list">1</a>, <a href="#dictionary">2</a>, <a href="#comprehensions">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>context manager, <a href="#contextmanager">17</a>, <a href="#readtextfromfile">23</a>, <a href="#or">27</a>, <a href="#or-1">32</a></strong><br>
<strong>copy function, <a href="#copy">15</a></strong><br>
<strong>coroutine, <a href="#coroutines">33</a></strong><br>
<strong>counter, <a href="#counter">2</a>, <a href="#generator">4</a>, <a href="#nonlocal">12</a>, <a href="#iterator-1">17</a></strong><br>
<strong>csv, <a href="#csv">26</a>, <a href="#printsacsvspreadsheettotheconsole">34</a>, <a href="#fileformats">46</a>, <a href="#displaysalinechartoftotalcovid19deathspermilliongroupedbycontinent">47</a></strong><br>
<strong>curses module, <a href="#runsaterminalgamewhereyoucontrolanasteriskthatmustavoidnumbers">33</a>, <a href="#consoleapp">34</a></strong><br>
<strong>cython, <a href="#typeannotations">15</a>, <a href="#cython">49</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="d">D</h3>
<p><strong>dataclasses module, <a href="#namedtupleenumdataclass">11</a>, <a href="#dataclass">15</a></strong><br>
<strong>datetime module, <a href="#datetime">8</a>-<a href="#now">9</a></strong><br>
<strong>decorator, <a href="#decorator">13</a>, <a href="#class">14</a>, <a href="#dataclass">15</a>, <a href="#sortable">16</a></strong><br>
<strong>deques, <a href="#deque">29</a></strong><br>
<strong>dictionaries, <a href="#dictionary">2</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#otheruses">10</a>-<a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#tableofrequiredandautomaticallyavailablespecialmethods">19</a>, <a href="#collectionsandtheirexceptions">21</a></strong><br>
<strong>duck types, <a href="#ducktypes">16</a>-<a href="#abcsequence">19</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="e">E</h3>
<p><strong>enum module, <a href="#enum">19</a>-<a href="#inline-1">20</a></strong><br>
<strong>enumerate function, <a href="#enumerate">3</a></strong><br>
<strong>excel, <a href="#fileformats">46</a></strong><br>
<strong>exceptions, <a href="#exceptions">20</a>-<a href="#exceptionobject">21</a>, <a href="#exceptions-1">23</a>, <a href="#logging">31</a></strong><br>
<strong>exit function, <a href="#exit">21</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="f">F</h3>
<p><strong>files, <a href="#print">22</a>-<a href="#memoryview">29</a>, <a href="#runsabasicfileexplorerintheconsole">34</a>, <a href="#fileformats">46</a></strong><br>
<strong>filter function, <a href="#mapfilterreduce">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>flask library, <a href="#webapp">36</a></strong><br>
<strong>floats, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#floats">6</a>, <a href="#numbers">7</a></strong><br>
<strong>format, <a href="#format">6</a>-<a href="#comparisonofpresentationtypes">7</a></strong><br>
<strong>functools module, <a href="#mapfilterreduce">11</a>, <a href="#partial">12</a>, <a href="#debuggerexample">13</a>, <a href="#sortable">16</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="g">G</h3>
<p><strong>games, <a href="#runsaterminalgamewhereyoucontrolanasteriskthatmustavoidnumbers">33</a>, <a href="#pygame">42</a>-<a href="#basicmariobrothersexample">43</a></strong><br>
<strong>generators, <a href="#generator">4</a>, <a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#iterator-1">17</a></strong><br>
<strong>global keyword, <a href="#function">10</a>, <a href="#nonlocal">12</a></strong><br>
<strong>gui app, <a href="#guiapp">35</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="h">H</h3>
<p><strong>hashable, <a href="#dataclass">15</a>, <a href="#hashable">16</a></strong><br>
<strong>hexadecimal representation, <a href="#ints">7</a>, <a href="#hexadecimalnumbers">8</a>, <a href="#encode-1">28</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="i">I</h3>
<p><strong>image, <a href="#scrapespythonsurlandlogofromitswikipediapage">35</a>, <a href="#image">39</a>-<a href="#animation">40</a>, <a href="#surface">42</a>-<a href="#basicmariobrothersexample">43</a></strong><br>
<strong>imports, <a href="#imports">12</a></strong><br>
<strong>inline, <a href="#inline">11</a>, <a href="#dataclass">15</a>, <a href="#inline-1">20</a></strong><br>
<strong>input function, <a href="#input">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>introspection,  <a href="#exceptionobject">21</a>, <a href="#introspection">31</a></strong><br>
<strong>ints, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#ints">7</a>-<a href="#random">8</a>, <a href="#encode-1">28</a></strong><br>
<strong>is operator, <a href="#comparable">16</a>, <a href="#operator">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>iterable, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#iterable">18</a>, <a href="#tableofrequiredandautomaticallyavailablespecialmethods">19</a></strong><br>
<strong>iterator, <a href="#enumerate">3</a>-<a href="#generator">4</a>, <a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#iterator-1">17</a></strong><br>
<strong>itertools module, <a href="#iterator">3</a>, <a href="#combinatorics">8</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="j">J</h3>
<p><strong>json, <a href="#json">25</a>, <a href="#servingjson">36</a>, <a href="#fileformats">46</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="l">L</h3>
<p><strong>lambda, <a href="#lambda">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>lists, <a href="#list">1</a>-<a href="#list">2</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#otheruses">10</a>-<a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#sequence">18</a>-<a href="#abcsequence">19</a>, <a href="#collectionsandtheirexceptions">21</a></strong><br>
<strong>locale module, <a href="#sortable">16</a></strong><br>
<strong>logging, <a href="#logging">31</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="m">M</h3>
<p><strong>main function, <a href="#main">1</a>, <a href="#basicscripttemplate">49</a></strong><br>
<strong>match statement, <a href="#matchstatement">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>matplotlib library, <a href="#plot">34</a>, <a href="#pandas">44</a>, <a href="#dataframe">45</a></strong><br>
<strong>map function, <a href="#mapfilterreduce">11</a>, <a href="#operator">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>math module, <a href="#numbers">7</a></strong><br>
<strong>memoryviews, <a href="#memoryview">29</a></strong><br>
<strong>module, <a href="#imports">12</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="n">N</h3>
<p><strong>namedtuples, <a href="#namedtuple">3</a>, <a href="#example">6</a></strong><br>
<strong>nonlocal keyword, <a href="#nonlocal">12</a></strong><br>
<strong>numbers, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#numbers-1">6</a>-<a href="#random">8</a></strong><br>
<strong>numpy library, <a href="#numpy">37</a>-<a href="#indexing">38</a>, <a href="#image">39</a>, <a href="#series">44</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="o">O</h3>
<p><strong>open function, <a href="#contextmanager">17</a>, <a href="#open">22</a>-<a href="#modes">23</a>, <a href="#readcollectionfromjsonfile">25</a>, <a href="#readrowsfromcsvfile">26</a>, <a href="#readbytesfromfile">28</a></strong><br>
<strong>operator module, <a href="#operator">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>os commands, <a href="#paths">23</a>-<a href="#shellcommands">25</a>, <a href="#runsabasicfileexplorerintheconsole">34</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="p">P</h3>
<p><strong>pandas library, <a href="#pandas">44</a>-<a href="#displaysamultiaxislinechartoftotalcovid19casesandchangesinpricesofbitcoindowjonesandgold">48</a></strong><br>
<strong>partial function, <a href="#partial">12</a>, <a href="#userdefinedfunctionscannotbevaluessotheymustbewrapped">20</a></strong><br>
<strong>paths, <a href="#paths">23</a>-<a href="#oscommands">24</a>, <a href="#runsabasicfileexplorerintheconsole">34</a></strong><br>
<strong>pickle module, <a href="#pickle">25</a></strong><br>
<strong>pillow library, <a href="#image">39</a>-<a href="#animation">40</a></strong><br>
<strong>plotting, <a href="#plot">34</a>, <a href="#pandas">44</a>, <a href="#dataframe">45</a>, <a href="#plotly">47</a>-<a href="#displaysamultiaxislinechartoftotalcovid19casesandchangesinpricesofbitcoindowjonesandgold">48</a></strong><br>
<strong>print function, <a href="#class">14</a>, <a href="#print">22</a></strong><br>
<strong>profiling, <a href="#profiling">36</a>-<a href="#profilingbyline">37</a></strong><br>
<strong>progress bar, <a href="#progressbar">34</a></strong><br>
<strong>property decorator, <a href="#property">15</a>, <a href="#hashable">16</a></strong><br>
<strong>pygame library, <a href="#pygame">42</a>-<a href="#basicmariobrothersexample">43</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="q">Q</h3>
<p><strong>queues, <a href="#deque">29</a>, <a href="#queue">32</a>, <a href="#runsaterminalgamewhereyoucontrolanasteriskthatmustavoidnumbers">33</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="r">R</h3>
<p><strong>random module, <a href="#random">8</a>, <a href="#runsaterminalgamewhereyoucontrolanasteriskthatmustavoidnumbers">33</a>, <a href="#addsnoisetothewavfile">41</a></strong><br>
<strong>ranges, <a href="#range">3</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a></strong><br>
<strong>recursion, <a href="#cache">13</a>, <a href="#builtinexceptions">21</a></strong><br>
<strong>reduce function, <a href="#mapfilterreduce">11</a></strong><br>
<strong>regular expressions, <a href="#regex">5</a>-<a href="#specialsequences">6</a></strong><br>
<strong>requests library, <a href="#scrapespythonsurlandlogofromitswikipediapage">35</a>, <a href="#startstheappinitsownthreadandqueriesitsrestapi">36</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="s">S</h3>
<p><strong>scope, <a href="#insidefunctiondefinition">10</a>, <a href="#nonlocal">12</a>, <a href="#complexexample">20</a></strong><br>
<strong>scraping, <a href="#scraping">35</a>, <a href="#basicmariobrothersexample">43</a>, <a href="#fileformats">46</a>, <a href="#displaysalinechartoftotalcovid19deathspermilliongroupedbycontinent">47</a>-<a href="#displaysamultiaxislinechartoftotalcovid19casesandchangesinpricesofbitcoindowjonesandgold">48</a></strong><br>
<strong>sequence, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#sequence">18</a>-<a href="#abcsequence">19</a></strong><br>
<strong>sets, <a href="#set">2</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#otheruses">10</a>-<a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#tableofrequiredandautomaticallyavailablespecialmethods">19</a>, <a href="#collectionsandtheirexceptions">21</a></strong><br>
<strong>shell commands, <a href="#shellcommands">25</a></strong><br>
<strong>sleep function, <a href="#progressbar">34</a></strong><br>
<strong>sortable, <a href="#list">1</a>, <a href="#sortable">16</a></strong><br>
<strong>splat operator, <a href="#splatoperator">10</a>, <a href="#readrowsfromcsvfile">26</a></strong><br>
<strong>sql, <a href="#sqlite">27</a>, <a href="#fileformats">46</a></strong><br>
<strong>statistics, <a href="#statistics">7</a>, <a href="#numpy">37</a>-<a href="#indexing">38</a>, <a href="#pandas">44</a>-<a href="#displaysamultiaxislinechartoftotalcovid19casesandchangesinpricesofbitcoindowjonesandgold">48</a></strong><br>
<strong>strings, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>-<a href="#comparisonofpresentationtypes">7</a>, <a href="#class">14</a></strong><br>
<strong>struct module, <a href="#struct">28</a>-<a href="#integertypesuseacapitalletterforunsignedtypeminimumandstandardsizesareinbrackets">29</a></strong><br>
<strong>subprocess module, <a href="#sends11tothebasiccalculatorandcapturesitsoutput">25</a></strong><br>
<strong>super function, <a href="#subclass">14</a></strong><br>
<strong>sys module, <a href="#cache">13</a>, <a href="#exit">21</a>-<a href="#commandlinearguments">22</a></strong> </p>
<h3 id="t">T</h3>
<p><strong>table, <a href="#csv">26</a>, <a href="#example-1">27</a>, <a href="#table">34</a>, <a href="#numpy">37</a>-<a href="#indexing">38</a>, <a href="#dataframe">45</a>-<a href="#dataframeaggregatetransformmap">46</a></strong><br>
<strong>template, <a href="#format">6</a>, <a href="#servinghtml">36</a></strong><br>
<strong>threading module, <a href="#threading">32</a>, <a href="#startstheappinitsownthreadandqueriesitsrestapi">36</a></strong><br>
<strong>time module, <a href="#progressbar">34</a>, <a href="#profiling">36</a></strong><br>
<strong>tuples, <a href="#tuple">3</a>, <a href="#abstractbaseclasses">4</a>, <a href="#otheruses">10</a>-<a href="#comprehensions">11</a>, <a href="#sequence">18</a>-<a href="#abcsequence">19</a></strong><br>
<strong>type, <a href="#type">4</a>, <a href="#ducktypes">16</a>, <a href="#matchstatement">30</a></strong><br>
<strong>type annotations, <a href="#typeannotations">15</a>, <a href="#introspection">31</a></strong>  </p>
<h3 id="w">W</h3>
<p><strong>wave module, <a href="#audio">40</a>-<a href="#writefloatsamplestowavfile">41</a></strong><br>
<strong>web app, <a href="#webapp">36</a></strong>  </p>
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